Looking to understand how the second formula is computed and why it's not used for Column K (which might be answered in formula explanation).
OK, my formulas go in columns K:M and get their returned values by looking in columns B:J
The second formula is
=INDEX(B2:J2,AGGREGATE(14,6,(
COLUMN(B2:J2)-COLUMN(B2)+1)/(B2:J2=K2),1)+1)&""
The blue part makes an array of numbers, counting the columns in B:J as follows
{2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10} - 2 +1
giving {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9}
=INDEX(B2:J2,AGGREGATE(14,6,{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9}/(
B2:J2=K2),1)+1)&""
Blue part makes an array of True/False values depending on whether B2:K2 is the same as the value in K2
{F;F;F;F;F;F;T;F;F}
=INDEX(B2:J2,AGGREGATE(14,6,
{1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9}/{F;F;F;F;F;F;T;F;F},1)+1)&""
Blue part divides the corresponding values. To do this Excel converts True to 1, False to 0
{#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;7;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!}
=INDEX(B2:J2,
AGGREGATE(14,6,{#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!;7;#DIV/0!;#DIV/0!},1)+1)&""
AGGREGATE(15,6,....,1) looks for the largest value in the array, ignoring errors
7
=INDEX(B2:J2,7+
1)&""
=INDEX(B2:J2,8)&""
=Cell I2
="QC"
The 3rd formula is identical except that it adds 2 instead of 1 where I have highlighted red above, thus returning the value from 2 cells to the right of the last date.
The &"" on the end of each formula is so the formula returns "" not 0 if the target cell is empty.
This form of formula cannot be used for column K because it uses the value in column K so would produce a circular reference.
In any case there is a much simpler formula already for column K.
I hope that I haven't misunderstood your question and the above helps.