Hello,
I resolved this for someone in our organization. This is for sorting but the same should apply for filtering. It was working for the person and then stopped; I tested it on other machines and even recreated a section of the spreadsheet from scratch with same results; Size of the spd does not matter.
Here is what happened; this person was used to highlighting the spreadsheet then selecting Sort & filter, Custom Sort, change the 'Sort on' to Cell color and then selecting the cell color choice but now she is getting 'no cell color' in that drop down.
This is resolve by also selecting a column in the 'Sort by' field. Once that was done she now has her color choices back.
The reason for this is as follows. Before the issue she used the same color for the entire row; then she started to highlight certain fields within a row a different colour and all sudden Excel no longer knew what color to present as some of the rows within her selection had different colours. Selecting a specific column to sort on allowed it to determine the selection of colors again and then sort on that.
Hope this helps
G