If your days overdue are in column A, starting from A2, in:
B2 =IF(A2<30,"1","")
C2 =IF(AND(A2>=30,A2<=59),1,"")
D2 =IF(AND(A2>=60,A2<=89),1,"")
E2 =IF(AND(A2>=90,A2<=179),1,"")
F2 =IF(A2>180,"1","")
Copy formulas down.
Also, you can think about changing these absolute references to relative.