1. ROUND - rounds a number to a specified number of digits.
Syntax
ROUND(number,num_digits)
Number - is the number you want to round.
Num_digits - specifies the number of digits to which you want to round number.
If num_digits is greater than 0 (zero), then number is rounded to the specified number of decimal places.
If num_digits is 0, then number is rounded to the nearest integer.
If num_digits is less than 0, then number is rounded to the left of the decimal point.
Examples
ROUND(2.15, 1) equals 2.2
ROUND(2.149, 1) equals 2.1
ROUND(-1.475, 2) equals -1.48
ROUND(21.5, -1) equals 20
2.UPPER - converts text to uppercase.
Syntax
UPPER(text)
Text - is the text you want converted to uppercase. Text can be a reference or text string.
Examples
UPPER("total") equals "TOTAL"
If E5 contains "yield", then:
UPPER(E5) equals "YIELD"
3. LOWER - converts all uppercase letters in a text string to lowercase.
Syntax
LOWER(text)
Text - is the text you want to convert to lowercase. LOWER does not change characters in text that are not letters.
Examples
LOWER("E. E. Cummings") equals "e. e. cummings"
LOWER("Apt. 2B") equals "apt. 2b"
4. PROPER - Capitalizes the first letter in a text string and any other letters in text that follow any character other than a letter. Converts all other letters to lowercase letters.
Syntax
PROPER(text)
Text - is text enclosed in quotation marks, a formula that returns text, or a reference to a cell containing the text you want to partially capitalize.
Examples
PROPER("this is a TITLE") equals "This Is A Title"
PROPER("2-cent's worth") equals "2-Cent'S Worth"
PROPER("76BudGet") equals "76Budget"
5. LEFT - returns the first character or characters in a text string, based on the number of characters you specify.
Syntax
LEFT(text,num_chars)
Text - is the text string that contains the characters you want to extract.
Num_chars - specifies the number of characters you want LEFT to extract.
Num_chars must be greater than or equal to zero.
If num_chars is greater than the length of text, LEFT returns all of text.
If num_chars is omitted, it is assumed to be 1.
Examples
LEFT("Sale Price",4) equals "Sale"
If A1 contains "Sweden", then:
LEFT(A1) equals "S"
6. RIGHT - returns the last character or characters in a text string, based on the number of characters you specify.
Syntax
RIGHT(text,num_chars)
Text - is the text string containing the characters you want to extract.
Num_chars - specifies the number of characters you want RIGHT to extract.
Num_chars must be greater than or equal to zero.
If num_chars is greater than the length of text, RIGHT returns all of text.
If num_chars is omitted, it is assumed to be 1.
Examples
RIGHT("Sale Price",5) equals "Price"
RIGHT("Stock Number") equals "r"
7. MID - returns a specific number of characters from a text string, starting at the position you specify, based on the number of characters you specify.
Syntax
MID(text,start_num,num_chars)
Text - is the text string containing the characters you want to extract.
Start_num - is the position of the first character you want to extract in text. The first character in text has start_num 1, and so on.
If start_num is greater than the length of text, MID returns "" (empty text).
If start_num is less than the length of text, but start_num plus num_chars exceeds the length of text, MID returns the characters up to the end of text.
If start_num is less than 1, MID returns the #VALUE! error value.
Num_chars - specifies the number of characters you want MID to return from text. If num_chars is negative, MID returns the #VALUE! error value.
Examples
MID("Fluid Flow",1,5) equals "Fluid"
MID("Fluid Flow",7,20) equals "Flow"
MID("1234",5,5) equals "" (empty text)
