Jumping in at the end here, with a bit of an explanation for the one minus.....
reducing something BY 30% is very different to reducing it TO 30%...
Start with 100, reducing it BY 30% leaves you with 70,
i.e. 70%,
i.e. 100 *70%
i.e. 100 * (1-30%)
Start with 100, reduce it TO 30% leaves you with 30, a number very different to 70.
Uniquely, in the instance of 50%, reducing BY and reducing TO both leave you with 50.
Perhaps because your first percentage change was 50, an error in methodology was being missed?
I hope this helps?
Regards,
Simsy